2024年10月compositionanalysis（英语问题）
⑴positionanalysis（英语问题
⑵assay:n.化验,分析v.化验,分析词形变化:形容词:assayable名词:assayer动词过去式:assayed过去分词:assayed现在分词:assaying第三人称单数:assays例句与用法:.Wewillmakeanassayoftheorethathebrought.我们将对他带来的矿石做实验鉴定。.Afterchemicalassay,wehaveknownthepositionoftheore.经过化学分析，我们知道了矿石的构成。英英解释:名词assay:.anappraisalofthestateofaffairs同义词：checkanalysis:n.分析,解析词形变化:名词复数:analyses例句与用法:.Closeanalysisofsalesfiguresshowedclearregionalvariations.对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别。.InthefinalanalysisIthinkoursympathylieswiththeheroineoftheplay.总之，我们认为我们都同情剧中的女主人公。.TextualanalysisidentifiedtheauthorasShakespeare.对原文的分析研究鉴定出作者是莎士比亚..Closeanalysisofsalesfiguresshowsclearregionalvariations.对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别..Thecakeonanalysiswasfoundtocontaintracesoftoxin.经分析发现蛋糕里含有微量的毒素。.Evenonthemostcharitableanalysis,ithasnotbeenagreatsuesssofar.即使根据最宽的标准来说，到目前为止还算不上成功。.Hisanalysisoftheproblemshowedgreatperception.他对该问题的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。.Weagreedwithhisacuteanalysisofthepoliticalsituation.我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。英英解释:名词analysis:.aninvestigationoftheponentpartsofawholeandtheirrelationsinmakingupthewhole.theabstractseparationofawholeintoitsconstituentpartsinordertostudythepartsandtheirrelations同义词：analyticthinking.aformofliterarycriticisminwhichthestructureofapieceofwritingisanalyzed.theuseofclosed-classwordsinsteadofinflections:e.g.,`thefatherofthebride’insteadof`thebride’sfather’.abranchofmathematicsinvolvingcalculusandthetheoryoflimits;sequencesandseriesandintegrationanddifferentiation.asetoftechniquesforexploringunderlyingmotivesandamethodoftreatingvariousmentaldisorders;basedonthetheoriesofSigmundFreud同义词：psychoanalysis,depthpsychology
⑶QC查货使用的名词有哪些
⑷常用纺织名词汉英对照(按拼音排序)氨纶-spandex奥纶-orlon白布；本布-calico哔叽-serge编织物-braidedfabric变形；走样-deformation不褪色；色泽牢固-fastcolours长毛骆驼绒-camelhaircloth长毛绒-plush抽绣-punchwork刺绣品-embroidery粗（花呢-tweed醋酯纤维-acetatefibre大麻-hemp大衣呢-overcoating的确良-dacron,terylene灯芯绒-corduroy涤纶-terylene缎子-satin法兰绒-flannel帆布-canvas凡立丁-valetin防潮-dampproof防缩-sanforizing,pre-shrunk纺织品-textiles格子呢-tartanadmiraltycloth海军呢钩编编织物-crochet光泽-gloss,lustre合成纤维-syntheticfibre花布-cottonprints华达呢-gabardine化学纤维-chemicalfibre黄麻-jute黄麻布（袋-gunnycloth(bag)混纺织物-mixturefabric,blendfabric机织织物-wovenfabricspunsilk绢丝茧绸-pongee锦缎-brocade锦纶（耐纶-nylon腈纶-acrylicfibres精纺法兰绒-worstedflannel卡普纶-capron,kapron卡其布-khakidrills开司米-cashmere抗拉力绒-anti-pressingstandingvelvet阔幅平布；被单布-sheetings罗缎-faille,bengaline,tussore麻织物-linen麦尔登呢-melton毛哔叽-woolserge毛涤纶-modelon毛织物（品-woolenfabrics棉哔叽-cottonserge棉布-cottoncloth,cottonpiecegoods棉涤纶-trueran棉缎-cottonsateen棉纺织品-cottontextiles棉府绸-cottonpoplin棉茧绸-cottonpongee棉绒-cottonvelvet棉织长毛绒-cottonplush棉织华达呢-cottongabardine棉织物（品-cottonfabrics耐绉的-non-crushable尼龙薄绸-nylonchiffon黏胶纤维-viscoseacetalfibre派力斯-palace配色-matching,colourbinations漂白棉布-bleachedcottoncloth乔其纱-geette人造毛-artificialwool人造棉-artificialcotton人造丝-artificialsilk,rayon人造丝织物-rayonfabrics人造纤维-artificialfibre人字呢；海力蒙-herringbone绒布-flannelette绒线刺绣-crewelwork桑蚕丝,家蚕丝-mulberrysilk手帕亚麻纱-linencambric双面卡-reversiblekhaki丝纺-silkspinning丝织物-silkfabrics素色-plain塔夫绸-taffeta泰西缎-cottonveians提花床单布-brochequilts提花丝织物-figuredsilk提花织物-jacquard贴花刺绣-appliqueembroidery褪色-discolourization网眼织物-meshfabric维尼纶-vinylon蚊帐纱-mosquitoting无纺织物-bondedfibrefabric夏布-grasscloth橡胶防雨布-mackintoshcloth斜纹布-drills绣花纱罗-embroideredgauze绣花织物-embroideredfabric亚麻-flax亚麻布-linen,linencloth亚麻帆布-linencanvas亚麻格子布-linenchecks亚麻纱-linenyarn阴丹士林布-iondanthrencloth羽纱-camblet针织-knitting针织品-knitwear针织物-hosiery织锦缎-tapestrysatin织物-textilefabric绉（背缎-crepesatin珠罗纱-bobbin苎麻-ramee,ramietussahsilk柞蚕丝纺织专业词汇A色牢度试验项目COLOURFASTNESSTESTS皂洗牢度washing摩擦牢度rubbing/crocking汗渍牢度perspiration干洗牢度drycleaning光照牢度light水渍牢度water氯漂白chlorinebleachspotting非氯漂白non-chlorinebleach漂白bleaching实际洗涤（水洗一次actuallaundering(onewash)氯化水chlorinatedwater含氯泳池水chlorinatedpoolwater海水sea-water酸斑acidspotting碱斑alkalinespotting水斑waterspotting有机溶剂anicsolvent煮呢potting湿态光牢度wetlight染料转移dyetransfer热（干态dryheat热压hotpressing印花牢度printdurability臭氧ozone烟熏burntgasfumes由酚类引起的黄化phenolicyellowing唾液及汗液salivaandperspirationB尺寸稳定性（缩水率及有关试验项目（织物和成衣DIMENSIONALSTABILITY(SHRINKAGE)ANDRELATEDTESTS(FABRIC&GARMENT)皂洗尺寸稳定性dimensionalstabilitytowashing(washingshrinkage)洗涤/手洗后的外观appearanceafterlaundering/handwash热尺寸稳定性dimensionalstabilitytoheating熨烫后外观appearanceafterironing商业干洗稳定性dimensionalstabilitytomercialdrycleaning(drycleaningshrinkage)商业干洗后外观(外观保持性appearanceaftermercialdrycleaning(appearanceretention)蒸汽尺寸稳定性dimensionalstabilitytosteaming松弛及毡化dimensionalstabiltytorelaxationandfelting缝纫线形稳定性dimensionalstabilityforsewingthreadC强力试验项目STRENGTHTESTS拉伸强力tensilestrength撕破强力tearstrength顶破强力burstingstrength接缝性能seamproperties双层织物的结合强力bondingstrengthoflaminatedfabric涂层织物的粘合强力adhesionstrengthofcoatedfabric单纱强力singlethreadstrength缕纱强力leastrength钩接强力loopstrength纤维和纱的韧性tenacityoffibresandyarnD织物机构测试项目FABRIONSTRUC.....D织物机构测试项目FABRIONSTRUCTIONTESTS织物密度（机织物)threadsperunitlength(wovenfabrionstruction)织物密度（针织物)stitchdensity(knitttedfabric)纱线支数countsofyarn纱线纤度（原样deniercountsasreceived织物幅宽fabricwidth织物克重fabricweight针织物线圈长度looplengthofknittedfabric纱线卷曲或织缩率crimportake-upofyarn割绒种类typeofcutpile织造种类typeofweave梭织物纬向歪斜度distortioninbowedandskewedfabrics(reportasreceivedandafteronewash)圈长比terrytogroundratio织物厚度fabricthicknessE成分和其他分析试验项目POSITIONANDOTHERANALYTICALTESTS纤维成分fibreposition染料识别dyestuffidentification靛蓝染料纯度purityofindigo含水率moisturecontent可萃取物质extractablematter填充料和杂质含量fillingandforeignmattercontent淀粉含量starchcontent甲醛含量formaldehydecontent甲醛树脂presenceofformaldehyderesin棉丝光度mercerisationincottonPH值PHvalue水能性absorbanceF可燃性试验项目FLAMMABILITYTESTS普通织物的燃烧性能flammabilityofgeneralclothingtextiles布料的燃烧速率（。角burningrateofcloth(。angle)瑞典成衣燃烧性能SwedenfirepropertiesofappareltextileG织物性能试验项目FABRICFERFORMANCETESTS耐磨性abrasionresistance抗起毛起球性pillingresistance拒水性waterrepellency抗水性waterresistance折痕回复力wrinklerecovery布料硬挺度fabricstiffness弹性及回复力stretch&recoveryH羽绒试验项目FEATHER&DOWNTHERMALTESTS羽绒成分分析positionanalysis膨松度fillingpower杂色毛和绒的比例blacktip填充料的净重量newweight(conditioned)offillingmaterial含水率moisturecontent溶剂可溶物的测定determinationofsolventsolube酸度acidity好氧指数oxygennumber清洁度turbiditytest羽绒布防漏性perationresistanceofclothtofeather&down成衣附件试验项目GARMENTAESSO.....I成衣附件试验项目GARMENTAESSORYTESTS(LACE,ZIPPER,BUTTON,BUCKLE,ETC.)洗涤后外观appearancafterlaundering贮存后外观appearanceafterstorage耐烫性能resistancetoironing拉链强力zipperstrength拉链的往复性reciprocatingtest拉链耐用性durabilityofzipper拉链的使用性能operabilityofzipper魔术贴剪力shearstrengthofhooks&loopsfastener(velcrotape)魔术贴撕离力peelingstrengthofhooks&loopsfastener(velcrotape)魔术贴分合consecutiveadhere/separationexercisingonhooks&loopsfastener(velcrotape)金属抛光物的锈蚀/变色试验corrosion/tarnishtestonmetallicfinishes按钮分开强力unsnappingogsnapfasteners金属钮扣、铆钮的紧固试验securityofmetallicsbuttons,rivets,ets.按钮的紧固试验securityofsnapbutton钮扣强力strengthofbuttons耐洗液腐蚀性resistancetowashliquor耐干洗溶剂腐蚀性resistancetodrycleaningsolvents钮扣撞击测试buttonimpacttest钮扣拉力试验buttontensiontest钮扣钮力试验buttontorquetest按钮附着力snapattachmentstrength装饰物附着力trimattachmentstrengthJ其他纺织品测试项目OTHERTEXTILETESTS适当试验后推荐护理标签careinstruction/labelremendationafterappropriatetesting(testingchargesexcluded)成衣尺寸测量garmentsizemeasurement硫化染料染色的纺织品的加速老化aeleratedageingofsulphur-dyedtextiles色差判定colourdifferenceassessmentK纤维和纱的试验项目FIBRE&TESTS短纤维长度fibrestaplelength线形密度lineardensity纤维直径fibrediameter单根纤维强力singlefibrestrength纤维韧性tenacityoffibre纱支yarncount纱线纤度(原样deniercountasreceived连续或非连续纤维的识别identificationofcontinuous/discontinuousfibres每卷经纱长lengthofthreadperroll纱线净重weightofthread单纱强力singlethreadstrength绞纱强力leastrength线圈强力loopstrength纱线韧性tenacityofyarn纱捻度twistperunitL填充棉试验BATTINGTESTS重量weight厚度thickness纤维含量fibrecontent树脂含量resincontent压缩与回复试验presssionandresiliencetest样品分析前准备sampledissectionforanalysispreparation皂洗尺寸稳定性dimensionalstabilitytowashing机洗/水洗后的外观appearanceafterlaundering/handwashM地毯试验项目CARPETTESTS摩擦色牢度colourfastnesstorubbing光照色牢度colourfastnesstolight水渍色牢度colourfastnesstowater毛束联结牢度tuftwithdrawalforce(tuftbind)毛束经密度pitchesperunitlength毛束纬密度rowsperunitlength底布密度threadsperunitlengthofbacking单位面积重量weightperunitarea表面毛绒密度（只做单层毛毯surfacepiledensity(singlelevelpilecarpetonly)起绒纱股数plyofpileyarn割绒种类typeofcutpile毛绒或毛圈长度pileorlooplength毛绒或底部的纤维成分fibrepositionofpile&back一、干洗DryCleaning一般干洗dryclean专业干洗ProfessionallyDryclean商业干洗merciallyDryclean以干洗为最佳DrycleanningRemened短干洗周期ShortCycle干洗剂抽脱时间最短MinimumExtraction低水分ReducedorLowMoisture干洗过程中不可加水分NowaterInSystem不可用蒸汽NoSteam二、水洗Washing可机洗MachineWashable不可水洗DonotWash不可商业洗涤DonothavemerciallyLaunder可用家庭式洗涤HomeLaunder手洗HandWash手洗不可搓压HandWashdonotRub冷水洗ColdWash温水洗WarmWash热水洗HotWash不可水煮DonotBoil少洗衣量SmallLoad温和洗衣程序Delicate/GentleCycle持久压力程序DurablePressCycle/Permanent分开洗涤WashSeparately可与类似色衣物同时洗涤WithLikeColor与深色衣物分开洗涤WashDarkColorSeparetely翻出底面洗涤WashInsideOut不可拧干NoWring/DonotWring不可拧绞NoTwist/DonotTwist温水清洗WarmRinse冷水清洗ColdRinse彻底清洗RinseThoroughly不可脱水NoSpin/DonotSpin普通旋转速度脱水NormalSpin较短较慢程序脱水ReducedSpin不可浸泡DonotSoak只可用皂片UsePureSoapFlakeonly只可抹洗或擦洗DampWipeonly三、漂白Bleaching需要时漂白BleachingwhenNeeded不可漂白Nobleach/DonotBleach只可用非氯性漂白剂OnlyNon-ChlorineBleach四、干衣Drying滴干DripDry挂干LineDry荫凉挂干LineDryinShade避热挂干LineDryawayfromHeat用烘干机烘干TumbleDry用烘干机中温烘干TumbleWarm用烘干机低温烘干TumbleCool平铺晒干FlatDry定位干衣BlocktoDry用蒸汽烘干SteamDry不用蒸汽NoSteam/DonotSteam
⑸fiberposition是什么意思
⑹fiberposition纤维成分双语对照词典结果：网络释义.纤维配比例句:.Xrayphotoelectronspectroscopy(xps)isoneofthemostpowerfulandusefultoolforchemicalpositionanalysisonbothwoodandfibersurfaces.表面光电子能谱分析是固体木材及纤维表面化学组成分析最有效及最灵敏的工具之一。请采纳如果你认可我的回答，敬请及时采纳，~如果你认汽车玻璃可我的回答，请及时点击【采纳为满意回答】按钮~~手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~O(∩_∩)O，记得好评和采纳，互相帮助
⑺exhaustivebasepositionanalysis是指什么
⑻exhaustivebasepositionanalysis
⑼adj.彻底的，透彻的；消耗的，使枯竭的；详尽的，无遗的；详尽无遗
⑽n.基础；基地；根据；基数（如十进制的和二进制的
⑾vt.基于；把…建立在；把…放在或设在（基地；把…置于底座（或基座上
⑿adj.卑鄙的；低级的；贱的，劣的；庶生的
⒀position
⒁n.作文，作曲；创作；构图，布置；妥协，和解
⒂n.分析，分解；梗概，要略；解析；验定
⒃双语例句：Research?on?Consumption?Structure?Change?of?Urban?Residents?with?ELES?Model
⒄利用ELES模型对城镇居民消费结构变动的分析
⒅Analysis?on?Consumption?Structure?of?the?Urban?Residents?in?Chongqing?by?ELES?Model
⒆基于ELES模型的重庆市城镇居民消费结构分析
⒇Application?of?ELES?model?in?the?consumption?structure?of?urban?residents?of?Gansu?Province
⒈ELES模型在甘肃省城镇居民消费结构中的应用
⒉A?Study?of?Determining?Xi’an’s?Poverty?Line?by?the?Model?of?ELES
⒊利用扩展性线性支出模型测量西安市贫困线研究
⒋Analysis?on?the?position?of?Peasant?Consumption?in?Jiangsu?Province?by?ELES
⒌江苏农民消费结构分析
⒍纺织品(半成品)检测标准有哪些
⒎纺织品检测服务项目TESTINGITEMS纤维成分及其他分析检测成衣配料检测（拉链、纽扣等羽绒产品检测色牢度检测组织结构分析皮革产品检测尺寸稳定性及有关检测填充棉检测强力检测性能检测燃烧检测环保纺织品检测其它检测检测标准TestingStandards：纺织品物性检测：纤维成分分析FIBERPOSITIONANALYSIS、纤维定性分析FiberQualitativeAnalysis、纤维定量分析FiberQuantitativeAnalysis、成衣成分分析GarmentpositionAnalysis、水份含量MoistureContent/Regain色牢度检测COLORFASTNESSTESTS、耐洗色牢度Washing、摩擦色牢度Rubbing/Crocking、汗渍色牢度Perspiration、干洗色牢度Drycleaning、日晒色牢度Light、耐水色牢度Water、耐漂白色牢度Bleaching、耐海水色牢度Sea-water、耐热压色牢度Hotpressing、耐干热色牢度Dryheat、耐酸斑色牢度Acidspotting、耐碱斑色牢度Alkalinespotting、耐水斑色牢度Waterspotting、耐氯漂色牢度ChlorineBleaching、非氯漂色牢度Non-chlorineBleaching、耐唾液色牢度Saliva、耐污染物色牢度Contaminates尺寸变化率检测DIMENTIONALSTABILITY(SHRINKAGE)TESTS、水洗缩率检测DimensionalStabilitytoWashing、干洗缩率DimensionalStabilitytoDryCleaning、洗涤后外观AppearanceAfterLaundering强度检测STRENGTHTESTS、拉伸强力TensileStrength、胀破强力BurstingStrength、撕裂强力TearingStrength、接缝强力SeamPerformance、粘合强力BondingStrength性能检测PERFORMANCETESTS、耐磨性能Abrasionresistance、抗毛性PillingResistance、防勾丝SnaggingResistance、防水性WaterRepellency、防油性OilRepellency、透气性AirPermeability、透湿性WaterVapourTransmission、弹性及回复力StretchandRecovery燃烧检测FLAMMABILITYTESTS.燃烧性Flammability.地毯燃烧检测SurfaceFlammabilityofCarpetsandRugs.家具填充物燃烧检测FlameResistanceofCaliforniaTechnicalBulletinFillingMaterialsUsedinUpholstered.家具防火检测FlameRetardancyofCaliforniaTechnicalBulletinUpholsteredFurniture.家具弹性填充物燃烧检测FlameRetardancyMaterialsusedinUpholsteredFurniture.床上用品燃烧度BurningBehaviorofBeddingItems.防火衣物检测FireTestforFlameResistanceTextiles(SmallScake)织物组织结构分析FABRIONSTRUCTIOONTESTS、织物密度Threadsperunitlength、纱线支数Countsofyarn、织物幅宽Fabricwidth、织物质量Fabricweight、织物厚度Fabricthickness、织物组织类别Typeofweave纤维及纱线检测FIBRE&YARNTESTS、纤维线密度（纤维细度Lineardensity、纤维直径Fibrediameter、纤维熔点MeltingpointofFibres、捻度TwistperunitLength、纱线强力Tenacityofyarn羽绒产品检测FEATHERANDDOWNPRODUCTTHSTS、羽绒成分分析positionAnalysis、耗氧量OxygenNumber、填充物净重WeightofFillingMaterial、含水率MoistureContent、蓬松度FillingPower、混浊度TurbidityofExtract、可溶性杂质DeterminationofSolventSolubleMatter、含油脂量OilandFatContent、气味检测OdorTest、酸性检测Acidity、绒穿透检测PerationResistanceofClothToFeather＆Down成衣配件检测（拉链、钮扣等GarmentAessoriesTests(Zipper,Button,ETC)、拉链检测ZipperTest*拉链强度ZipperStrength*拉链耐用度DurabilityofZipper*拉链的色牢度ColorFastnessofZipper*拉链的缩水率DimensionalStabilityofZipper*拉链的外观AppearanceofZipper*金属品防锈及腐蚀性Rust/TarnishTestofMetallicFinishes*拉链的活动性OperabilityforZipper、钮扣等制品检测ButtonAndOtherArticleTests*紧固性AttachmentStrength*分开钮扣的开合力度UnsnappingofSnapFasteners*碰撞检测ImpactTest*色牢度ColorFastness*耐用度SnapDurability*金属品防锈及腐蚀性Rust/TarnishTestofMetallicFinishes、其他检测OtherTest*魔术贴剪力ShearStrengthofVelcroTape*魔术贴的分离强度PeelingStrengthofVelcroTape其它检测OTHERTESTS、防紫外线光系数UPF(UltravioletProtectionFactor)、紫外线穿透率PerationPofsolarUVR、洗涤标签建议CareLabelRemendation、服装规格测量GarmentSizeMeasurement、色差评定ColorDifferenceAssessment环保纺织品相关检测项目：、甲醛含量FormaldehydeContent、pH值pHValue、偶氮染料分析AZODyeAnalysis、重金属含量HeavyMetalsContent、致敏性分散染料AllergenousDisperseDyes、致癌染料CarcinogenDyes、镍释放量NickelRelease、邻苯二甲酸盐含量PhthalatesContent、五氯苯酚ChlorinatedPhenolsPentachlorohenol(PCP)、四氯苯酚Tetrachlorophenol(TeCP)、三氯苯酚Trichlorophenol(TCP)、氯化有机载体ChlorinatedAromaticsaniarriers、气味量度SensoryVerification、六价铬Chromium(VI)、总铅含量TotalLeadcontent、总镉TotalCadmiumContent、有机锡Ianotin、多氯联苯PolychlorinatedBiphenyls(PCBS)、多氯三联苯PolychlorinatedTerphenyls(PCTs)、阻燃剂FlameRetardants、聚氯乙稀PolyvinylChloride、二恶英及氧(杂)茂DioxinsandFurans、烷基酚Alkylphenol(Aps)(壬基酚Nonylphenol＋甲基酚Octylphenol)、烷基酚乙基氧化物AlkylphenolEthoxylates(APEO)NPEO(Nonylphenolethoxylates壬基酚乙氧基化合物)＋OPEO(Octylphenolethoxylates甲基酚乙氧基化合物)、邻苯基酚OPP、生物灭杀剂BiocidefinishGC-MSscreening、挥发性有机化合物VolatileaniompoundsHeadspace(VOCs)、PFOS全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物&PFOA、杀虫剂检测Pesticides、三氯生Triclosan、石棉Asbestos、抗氧化剂BHT、氯化石蜡ChlorinatedParaffins、萘成分NaphthaleneContent、双酚ABPA、四溴双酚-ATBBP-A、二氯苯二胺DichlorobenzeneDiamine、二甲基甲酰胺Dimethylformamide(DMF)、富马酸二甲酯Dimethylfumarate(DMF)、多环芳香烃∑ofPolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons(PAHs)
⒏sweetosmanthus是什么意思
⒐sweetosmanthus桂花Theprincipalpositionanalysisandfuggyclusteranalysisofthepopulationdynamicsofcitrusredmiteonsweetosmanthus.桂花上柑桔全爪螨种群动态的主成分分析和模糊聚类。
⒑sampleposition是什么意思
⒒意思是：样品构成。短语steelsampleposition钢样成分positionsample成分试样;作文positionofsample样本构成例句：FigureshowsasampleBLAposition.图显示了一个示例BLA组合。来自《有道翻译》
⒓ResearchonDifferentPyritesinLatePermianCoalofSichuanProvince，SouthwesternChina
⒔AnumberofdifferentpyritesinLatePermiansulfur-containingcoalsandsomeassociatedrocksinSichuanprovinceofsouthwesternChinahavebeenstudiedsystem-aticallybyopticalmicroscope，SEMandSTMforcrystalshape，distribution，morphologyandatomicstruc-ture.ThechemicalpositionwereanalyzedusingbyEPMA，INAAtechniques.Theresultsin-dicatedthattherearedifferentpyriteparagenesisanddesulfurizationpropertiesinthedifferenttypesofsulfur－containingcoalsformedondifferentdepositionalenvironments.Supermicro-scopesrevealthatthereiscolloidalpyriteincoal.Themicroanalysisshowsthattheseveraltypesofpyritehavedifferenceinelementpositionandphysicalandtechnologicalpropertysuchassusceptibilityetc.Thecrystallizationofpyriteplaysanimportantroleinconcentrationofmajorelements.
⒕INTRODUCTION
⒖Investigationonthesulfurincoalmaydatebacktothebeginingofthiscentury(Thissen，;White，)inAmerica.Inrecenttwentyyears，moreandmorearticles，reportsandbooksaboutsulfurhavebeenpublished.KeystudiesofsulfurincoalincludeCasagrande;Ber-ner;CohealinAmerica;HuntinAustrilia;KizilsteininRussiaandsoon.
⒗Two-thirdsoftotalsulfurinthehighsulfurcoalsinChinaaredominatedbyinanicsul-fur，atleast%ofwhichconsistsofironsulfide.Therefore，researchesonpyrite，amajorcarri-erofsulfurwhichinfluncesthequalityofcoal，haveincreasinglyattractedcoaltechnologists’attention.NantongofSichuanprovinceisoneoftheimportantcoalproductionareainsouth-westernChina，whichisoneofthehighsulfurcoalregionsinChina.Ourreseachobjectiveistostudythecharacterofpyritesincoalandassociatedrock，suchastheirdistributions，physicalandphysic-chemicalpropertiesetc.，andtosupplyfundamentaldataforcoaldesulfurizationtechnology，coalprocessingandutilizations.
⒘SULFURFORMSINSICHUANCOAL
⒙ObjectivecoalseamsofourinvestigatedfieldsareToulianzicoalofWuyicoalmineatAnxiancounty，#and#seamsofNantongcoalfieldatChongqing，CseamofMuchuancounty.BasicallytheyrepresentforseveraltypesofcoalcontainingdifferentsulfurformsinSichuanprovince.Tableshowssulfurformsofcoalsatdifferentsites.
⒚TableTheSulfurFormsinDifferentCoalsofSichuanProvince，China
⒛Generally，whentotalsulfurcontent(St.d)islessthan.%，themainsulfurformincoalisanicsulfur(Hunt，).ButoalseamatMuchuancountuymainlycontainsinan-icsulfurwhichoupys.%oftotalsulfur.Fromcontinentaltomarineenvironment，totalsulfurcontentincoalincreases，thesulfurformsaredifferent.Thesulfurformincoalformedontidalflatismainlyintheformofironsulfide(Sp.d).TheWuyiandNantong#coalseamsisrichinanicsulfur(So.d).Bothofthemareinfluencedbyroofrockoflime-stoneormud-limestoneofmarinefacies.Moreover，thereisatrendthatanicsulfurcontentincreaseswiththeincreasesoftotalsulfur，andpyriticsulfuristhemainformofsulfurinmanySichuancoals.
THEDISTRIBUTIONOFPYRITESINCOAL
Macroscopicallytherearerarelysinglecrystalorfilmpyriteinlowsufurcoalformedinal-luvialswampatMuchuan.However，therearealotofnodular，lenticular，pisolitic，chrysan-themun-like，massive，vein-likepyritesetc.inNantong#，#coalseamwheresulfurisau-mulatedontransitionalfacies.AtthelowerpartofWuyihighsulfurcoalseam，therearealotoffinedisseminatedpyritesshowinglamellarstructure，butnopyritecanbeseenbynakedeyeatthemiddleandupperpart.Nodularpyriteoasionallycontainsmarcasiteandpyritizedanismandbiologicalrelics.
Microscopically，therearesinglecrystalsandaggregates，framboidanditsaggregates，globular，nodular，pore-nodular，biological，massive，vein，rod-likepyritesandmarcasitesincoals.Tableshowsthequantitativestatisticsofironsulfideparticles.Obviously，pyritesinMuchuancoalaremainlyframboidalwhicharemostlyassociatedwithclay，andpartlyepigene-ticvein-likepyrite.InNantongcoal，therearealotofnodularandcell-infillingpyrites.Thepy-ritesinWuyicoalaremainlyeuhedralcrystalandframboidandtheiraggregates(figure－a).Euhedralcrystalsaremostlyoctahedron.Wuyicoalcontainsmoremarchasites(figure－b).Ingeneral，framboidalmorphologyispresentinallsalinites.Similarly，framboidalpyritesinSichuancoalareseeninalldepositionalfacies.Usingscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)，wehaveobservedpyritizedDesulfovibrio，rod-chainbacteria，finecooidesetc..TherearealsoalotofpyritizedalgaesuchasPermocalculusSinica，andRhodophyceae.Thecrystalshapesofpyritesuchascube，octahedron，pentagonaldodecahedronandtheirbinationcanbeeasilyobservedbySEM.Thecubicpyritetendstodistributeincontinentalfacies，whiletheothersaremostlydevolopedinmarinesediment，e.g.octahedronpyriteinWuyicoalwasformedinma-rinefacies.TheresultsaresimilartothatreportedbyAnchunLietal().Marcasiteisusual-lylamellar.Morever，crystalimprint，crack，growlamination，defect，erosionrelicandothermat-teroncrystalfacehavebeenseenbySEM.Especiallycolloidlikestructure，whichdevolopedinnodularpyrite，alsohasbeenobserved.Coalpyrites，microscopically，containalotofporepyrites，pyritizedanismsandmarcasites.
TableMicroanalysisofironsulfideincoal
TableshowsthatthepyriteparticlesinMuchuancoalarebasicallynotliberated.InNan-tongcoal，～μmpyriteparticlesaredominant.Thequantitiesof+μmpyriteparticlesinNantong#coalaremuchmorethanthoseinothercoals.Theliberatedpyriteinthissizeisashighas.%.InWuyicoal，%ofpyriteparticlesarenotliberatedin～μmsizefraction.Itresultsindifficultyindesulfurization.Wuyicoalalsocontainshighanicsul-fur.thereforeitisveryimportanttostudythepropertiesofpyrites.
STMANALYSISONSURFACEOFCOALPYRITES
Scanningtunnelingmicroscope(STM)isaneffectivetoolfortheanalysisofmaterialsur-face.ItdirectlyreflectstheimageandstructureofsubstancesurfacefromμmtoAscale.Eggleston(，)andFan()suessfullystudiedpyritefromothersourcesexceptincoalbyusingSTM.Inordertoexplainthedifferenceinphysicalpropertiessuchasmagicandoxidationonesofdifferentpyrites，westudiedsurfacepropertiesofpyriteswithSTM.Thefollowingsareourresultsandexplanations:
SevencoalpyritesandtwoorepyriteshavebeenexaminedbyCSTM-scanningtunne-lingmicroscopefortopographyinconstant-currentmodeandforatomicimageinconstant-hightmode.ThescanningrangesareXAtoXμmfortopography.Thegranular，pellet，framboid-like，rod，fibre，bandary，milkcolloidalandsmooth，level，unevec.structurehadbeenobservedonthesurfaceofpyritecrystalorfracturebySTM.Onthecrystalface，oxidativecorrosionpit(relics)areoftenobserved.Generally，onfinegranularsurfaceofpyrite，finegrainsareinorderwhichisgraduallygrownintolaminalars，whilelargegranulargrainsareatrandomoncoarse，andunevensurfurceofpyrite，whichmaybecausedbysurfacecorro-sion.TheSTMimagesoffracturesurfaceofpyritesincoalshowthatpyriteofgoodcrystaliza-tionisgranulargrain(figure－c)，whilenodularpyriteofpoorcrystalizationdisplaysmoresmoothandmilk-colloidlikeface(figure－d).TheaboveresultsobservedbySEMindicatethattheremaybecolloidpyriteincoal.
Wehaveobtainedsomeatomicimagesinconstant-hightmodeofSTM(figure－e)，theyarenotveryniceanddistinct，thisisbecausethatthepyriteiscoveredbyanoxidationalfilm.Afterthefreshsurfaceofpyritearecoveredwithsilica-oil，weclearlyobservedtheatomicstructureofpyritesurface，andthezigzagchainsinsomeparts.Theinteratomicdistancesrevealthattheobservedsurfaceisin{}directionofpyritecrystal.EgglestonandFanobserved{}and{}directionofpyritecrystalsurface.
Insummary，STMisanewandeffectivetechniqueforprobingsurfacetopography，struc-ture，crystalgrowing，atomicstructureaswellassurfaceoxidationandcorrosion.STMandSEMdirectlyprovethatcolloidpyriteexistsindeed.
EPMAANALYSISOFPYRITESINCOAL
Electronprobemicroscopeanalysis(EPMA)isamethodforpositionanalysis.Thepre-cisionofEPMAis%to.%.Inthisstudy，-EDXEPMAofLinkCoporationinU.K.andWDX-AEPMAofMicrospeoporationinU.S.Awereused.Thelatterhasabet-terprecision.SomeconclusionsaboutEPMAanalysisofpyriteincoalareasfollowing.
Fig.Microphotographofironsulfidesincoalsandassociatedrocks.
Ordinarily，besidesFeandS，pyriteincoaloftencontainsSi，Al，Ca，Mg，Ti，Zr，Nb.Thecontentofthoseelementsinpyriteareproportionaltothoseinmatrixvitrinite.TheCo，Ni，Cu，Pbetc，whichcanconstitutethecrystallatiticesofpyrite，areminorinconcentration，buttheyournoneorlittleinmatrixvitrinite.Ingeneral，ascrystalistransformedtoframboidandcell-infillingpyrite，associatedelementsincreasegradually.
Insamecoalseam，ScontentandS/Featomicratio:euhedralcrystal》cell-infilling》circularshape》framboidalincreaseintheorderofpyrite.Thisindicatesthatcrystalizationplaysaroleinsulfurenrichment.EitherSorFeinnodularpyriteisricherincentrethanthatattheedge.Apparentlynucleationplaysamajorroleinnodularpyriteformation.TheframboidalpyriteinMuchuancoalhasveryhighofS/Featomicratio(》).ItcontainsalargeamountofCo，Nietc.，andCo/Featomicratioisnearto/.Sosomepartsofframboidsarenotpyrite.Becauseframboidpyriteparticleissmall，thedeterminedvalueinfluencedbymatrixsubstanceisusuallylowerthanactualvalue.Itisonlyconsideredasreferentialvalue.ButS/Feratioislessinflu-enced.
HighS/Feratioofpyritedevolopedinmatrixvitrinitewasfoundtobeto.TheS/Feratioofpyriteisproportionaltotheanicsulfurofdesmocollinite.TheFecontentofthedesmocolliniteinhighsulfurcoalisrelativelylow.
INAAANALYSISOFPYRITESINCOALANDASSOCIATEDROCK
InstrumentalNeutronActivationAnalysis(INAA)hastheadvantagesofhighsensitivity，goodauracy，multielementalanalysisandnon-destruction.WeusedINAAtomeasuretraceelements，andassociatedelementsofpyriteforsearchingthegenesis，physicalpropertiesofpyrite.NinecoalpyriteandtwoorepyritesamplesareanalysedbyINAAinInstituteofHighEnergyPhysics，AcademiaSinica().TableispartoftheINAAresults，itrevealsthefollowingfacts:
Theelementsinpyritesofdifferentcoalsaredifferentparageictypes，e.g.inthepy-riteofNantong#coal，∑REE，∑(sumoflithogenicelement)areverylow，whileNi，Zn，Naarehigher.TherearealargeamountofassociatedelementssuchasMn，Cr，∑，V，Ba，Ca，Mgetc.inthematrix-likepyriteofNantong.
Inthepyritefromcoalandassociatedrock，macroscopically，fromcrystaltochrysanthe-man，nodular，vein-likeandmatrix-likepyrite，Fecontentdecreasesgradually，andCo，Mn，∑REEandotherassoociatedelementsincreaseasthecrystalizationaldegreeofpyritebeesworses.Theworsethepyritecrystalthehigherthe∑lithogenicelements.
Thedifferencebetweencoal-andore-pyriteisthat∑and∑REEcontentislowinore-pyrite，andAsand∑isrich，especiallyforhydrothermaltypeofpyrite(No.)..TableshowssomerelationsbetweenINAAresultsandsusceptibilityofpyrite.Mniscloselyproportionaltosusceptibilityofpyrite.Mg，Co，Caetc.incoal-pyritehavearelationwithsusceptibility，whileore-pyrites，whicharerichinAs，havelowmagicproperty.∑(Mn，Co，Ni，Cr)elements，∑elementshavearelationwithsusceptibilityofpyrites.
Apparently，thesusceptibilityofcoalpyritesareallhigherthanthatoforepyrites.SoHighGradientMagselection(HGMS)technologycanremovecoalpyritebetterthanorepy-rite.Themaganalysesofcoalsindicatethatsusceptibilitiesofbituminouscoalareallnegativevalue;whileanthracitouscoalsareallpositivevaluewhichareapproximatetothoseofcoalpy-rites.thereforeHGMSismoresuitableforthedesulfurizationofcokingcoals.Wearecontinuingtoundertakestudyonthosefields.Hereisonlythebriefconclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromtheaboveanalysis:
Thesulfurcontentinlimnioalisverypoorwhichisthemainpropertyofframboidalpyrite.Themarine-continenttransitionalfaciescoalisrichinsulfur，whichismainlyintheformofinanicsulfur.Thenodularandcell-infillingpyritearemaintypesofpyriteandpyriteparticlesarelarge.Themarinefaciescoalhashighsulfurcontent，whichisrichinhighanicsulfur.Monocrystal，framboidpyriteandmarcasiteparticlesaresmall.Nodularpyriteoftencontainsmoremarcasite，pyritizedanismsandrelics.
TablePartINAAElementResultsandSusceptibilityofPyrites
Note:.INAAunitisppm.Susceptibilityunitis-eum/g..∑i=Cu+As+Se+Sb+Zn;∑=Co+Ni+Cr+Mn;∑=Na+Al+Ca+Mg;∑REE=La+Ce+Nd+Sm+Eu+Tb+Yb+Lu..-isthatelementhasn’tbeendeterminedbyINAA.
Liberationanalysesshowthatthepyriteintransitionalfaciescoalcontainsmorelibratedparticles，whilemarinecoalhaslessamountofliberatedpyrite.Nantongcoalcontainsmorenodularpyrites，inwhichpyriteparticlesislargerandliberated.Itispredictedthattheypossessgoodbehaviorforphysicaldesulfurization.ButWuyicoalcontainsmorefinecrystal，framboidandpyritesarenotliberated.Moreoverithasveryhighanicsulfur，soitsdesulfurizationbehaviormustbeverypoor.
BySTM，weclearlyobtainatomicimageon{}surfaceofpyrite，thisisanothernewresultfollowingthestudiesbyEgglestonandFanfor{}and{}ofpyritecrystalsur-facerespectively.Moreover，wehaveobservedseveralpyritestructuressuchasgranular，ban-dary，milkcolloid-likepyrite，aswellascorrosoionpitandoxidationalfilm.STM，SEMdirectlyprovethatcolloidpyriteexistsincoal.STMisaverypotentialtechniqueforthestudyofpyrite.
Thepositionanalysesshow:Asthepyritecrystallinitybeebetter，Fe，SandS/Feincoalpyriteincrease，theassociatedelementsdecrease.ThereareSi，Al，Ca，Mg，Ti，Zr，Nbetc.incoalpyrite.ThepyritewithhighS/FeratiogrowsindesmocollinitewhichS/Featomicratiois－.TheS/Feratioofpyriteisproportionaltotheanicsulfurindesmocollinite.
Thesusceptibilityofcoalpyritesaremuchhigherthanthatoforepyrites.Thesuscepti-bilityofcoalpyritehasarelationwithMn，Co，Mg，Caetc.elements.Bituminouscoalshavenegativevalueofsusceptibility，anthracitecoalspositive.HGMSismoresuitableforthedesulfu-rizationofbituminouscoals.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TheauthorsexpressthankstoInstituteofHighEnergyPhysicsofAcademiaSinica，theUniversityofScienceandTechnoloyofBeijing，Mr.LibingLiao，ChinaUniversityofGeosci-encefortheirhelpwiththeuseoffacilities.WealsowishtoacknowledgefinancialsupportfromNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaandGenaralNationalCoalCooperationofChina.
REFFERENCES
D.J.Casagrande.In:CoalBearingStrata:RecentAdvances;Scott，Ed;GeologicalSociety:London，，pp－
R.A.Berner.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa，()，－
A.D.Cohen，W.Spackman，P.Dolsen.InternationalJournalofCoalGeology，()，－
J.W.Hunt.AustriliaCoalGeology，()，－.
A.M.Bailey，J.F.Sherrill，J.H.Blacksoal.In:GeochemistryofSulfurinFossilFuels，ACSsymposiumseries;OrretalEd;AmericanChemicalSociety，Washington，DC.，－
ErqinZhu，QiWang.In:AuthigenicMineralogyofMarine;MarinePress:Beijing，，－(inChinese)AnchunLi，LirongChen，ShunxiShen.ScienceBelletin，，－.(inChineseandinEnglish).C.M.Eggleston，JrM.F.Hochella.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa，()，－C.M.Eggleston，M.F.Hochella，Jr.AmericanMineralogist，()，－Fu-RenFan，AllenJ.Bard.JournalofPhsicalChemistry;()，－NAALab..InstituteofHighEnergyPhysics，AcademiaSinica，Ed.In:ApplicationsofNeutronActivationAnalysisinEnviron-
mentalScience，BiologyandGeoscience.AtomicEnergyPress:Beijing，，pp－(inChinese)
(本文由唐跃刚、任德贻合著，原载ProcessingandUtilizationofHigh-sulfurCoalsⅤ，(CoalScienceandTechnology)，年)